The quickly changing coronavirus has spawned yet another super contagious omicron mutant that鈥檚 worrying scientists as it gains ground in India and pops up in numerous other countries, including the United States.
Scientists say the variant 鈥� called BA.2.75 鈥� may be able to spread rapidly and get around immunity from vaccines and previous infection. It鈥檚 unclear whether it could cause more serious disease than other omicron variants, including the globally prominent BA.5.
鈥淚t鈥檚 still really early on for us to draw too many conclusions,鈥� said Matthew Binnicker, director of clinical virology at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. 鈥淏ut it does look like, especially in India, the rates of transmission are showing kind of that exponential increase." Whether it will outcompete BA.5, he said, is yet to be determined.
Still, the fact that it has already been detected in many parts of the world even with lower levels of viral surveillance 鈥渋s an early indication it is spreading,鈥� said Shishi Luo, head of infectious diseases for , a company that supplies viral sequencing information to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The latest mutant has been spotted in several distant states in India, and appears to be spreading faster than other variants there, said Lipi Thukral, a scientist at the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology in New Delhi. It鈥檚 also been detected in about 10 other countries, including Australia, Germany, the United Kingdom and sa国际传媒. Two cases were recently identified on the West Coast of the U.S., and Helix identified a third U.S. case last week.
Fueling experts鈥� concerns are a large number of mutations separating this new variant from omicron predecessors. Some of those mutations are in areas that relate to the spike protein and could allow the virus to bind onto cells more efficiently, Binnicker said.
Another concern is that the genetic tweaks may make it easier for the virus to skirt past antibodies 鈥� protective proteins made by the body in response to a vaccine or infection from an earlier variant.
But experts say vaccines and boosters are still the best defense against severe COVID-19. In the fall it鈥檚 likely the U.S. will see of the vaccine being developed that target more recent omicron strains.
鈥淪ome may say, 鈥榃ell, vaccination and boosting hasn鈥檛 prevented people from getting infected.鈥� And, yes, that is true,鈥� he said. 鈥淏ut what we have seen is that the rates of people ending up in the hospital and dying have significantly decreased. As more people have been vaccinated, boosted or naturally infected, we are starting to see the background levels of immunity worldwide creep up.鈥�
It may take several weeks to get a sense of whether the latest omicron mutant may affect the trajectory of the pandemic. Meanwhile Dr. Gagandeep Kang, who studies viruses at India鈥檚 Christian Medical College in Vellore, said the growing concern over the variant underlines the need for more sustained efforts to track and trace viruses that combine genetic efforts with real world information about who is getting sick and how badly. 鈥淚t is important that surveillance isn鈥檛 a start-stop strategy,鈥� she said.
Luo said BA.2.75 is another reminder that the coronavirus is continually evolving 鈥� and spreading.
鈥淲e would like to return to pre-pandemic life, but we still need to be careful,鈥� she said. 鈥� We need to accept that we鈥檙e now living with a higher level of risk than we used to.鈥�
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Ghosal reported from New Delhi. Ungar reported from Louisville, Kentucky.
The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute鈥檚 Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content.
Laura Ungar And Aniruddha Ghosal, The Associated Press
