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Dr Roach Writes: I have written many columns on COVID-19, which has become a major cause of death and disability in all of North America and the world.

Dear Dr. Roach: My doctor wants me to have a colonoscopy, but I would have to be off Xarelto for five days. The last time I did this I had a small stroke. P.D.

Dear Dr.

Dear Dr. Roach: As I seem to be highly prone to urinary tract infections, I鈥檝e been using vaginal Estrace for decades. I鈥檓 82 years old. I鈥檝e developed serious gastroesophageal reflux disease, and note that there鈥檚 a connection with female hormones.

Dear Dr. Roach: I have always been a proponent of the attitude that 鈥渘o matter how much you make yourself look younger on the outside, you are still aging on the inside.

Dear Dr. Roach: I read with interest your recent column regarding the benefit of a colonoscopy for detecting colon cancer. I am 58 and started experiencing frequent light nausea about two months ago, a few days after getting my first Moderna vaccine.

Dear Dr. Roach: I鈥檓 a healthy woman. I recently had a whole-body thermography exam that highlighted my thyroid rather dramatically. Should I get a blood test for my thyroid and/or an ultrasound? E.D.

Dear Dr. Roach: My daughter is approximately five feet, four inches tall and weighs 230 pounds. She has been slowly putting on weight over the past several years.

Dear Dr. Roach: I am a 78-year-old polio survivor with severe osteoarthritis in my left shoulder, which is the side also affected by polio. I experience pain in varying degrees throughout the day, but at night the pain often wakes me up.

Dear Dr. Roach: I am responding to a recent letter from a reader anxious about undergoing a colonoscopy. One of her concerns was a possible perforation requiring additional surgery and a temporary colostomy.