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WASHINGTON — Millions of Americans cast their ballots Tuesday as a chaotic presidential campaign reaches its peak in a deeply divided United States, where voters in only a handful of battleground states will choose the country’s path forward.

Vice-President Kamala Harris and former president Donald Trump have presented starkly different visions for America's future, but polling shows the two remain in a dead heat.

"Whatever happens in the election, I am confident in America," said Randy Biard, who is from Tennessee, in Washington on Tuesday afternoon.

Some windows on nearby businesses were boarded up and security fences were erected outside the White House, putting some visitors to the famous building on edge about violence on election day.

Many Americans remain caught between anxiety and excitement. People were filling up bars throughout the U.S. capital to watch the results roll in.

At Union Pub near Capitol Hill, election specials included the The Dirty Walz — with Mountain Dew, vodka and grenadine — and They're Drinking The Cats — with whiskey and sour mix served with cat straws.

Trump is set to hold a watch party at Mar-a-Lago in Florida while Harris is gathering with party faithful at her alma mater, Howard University in Washington.

"I’m very excited, nervous, but I think what’s meant to be will be," said 20-year-old Tyette Manna at a Harris watch party for Howard students.

A shared history and 8,891-kilometre border will not shield sa¹ú¼Ê´«Ã½ from the election's outcome. Kirsten Hillman, sa¹ú¼Ê´«Ã½'s ambassador to the United States, said "any election in the U.S. is important and impactful for us."

"They are central to our economic prosperity. They are a vital security partner."

Hillman has been travelling across America meeting with key members of the Republican and Democrat teams to prepare for any outcome. On election night, after her embassy duties are finished, she'll be watching the results with her husband and friends — and said she's leaning toward ordering pizza.

While the gathering with loved ones may bring solace amid the anxious anticipation, Hillman knows more than anyone the immense stakes at play for sa¹ú¼Ê´«Ã½.

"Whoever is sitting in the Oval Office and populating Congress is making decisions that may affect sa¹ú¼Ê´«Ã½, either decisions that provide us with opportunities or decisions that pose challenges for us," Hillman said. "The job is to be ready for both."

Both candidates have proposed protectionist policies, but experts warn if the Republican leader prevails the relationship between the neighbours could be much more difficult.

"Trump and some of the key people around him, including (former trade representative) Robert Lighthizer, really want to stick it to sa¹ú¼Ê´«Ã½," said Fen Hampson, a professor of international affairs at Carleton University in Ottawa.

Trump's first administration demonstrated how vulnerable sa¹ú¼Ê´«Ã½ is to America's whims when the former president scrapped the North American Free Trade Agreement.

Negotiating its successor, the sa¹ú¼Ê´«Ã½-U.S.-Mexico Agreement, was a key test for Ottawa after Trump's victory. Whoever takes over the White House this time will be in charge during the agreement's review in 2026.

A cause for concern in sa¹ú¼Ê´«Ã½ and around the world is Trump's proposed 10 per cent across-the-board tariff. A Canadian Chamber of Commerce report suggests those tariffs would shrink the Canadian economy, resulting in around $30 billion per year in economic costs.

American economists warned Trump's plan could cause inflation, and possibly a recession, which would almost certainly have ripple effects in sa¹ú¼Ê´«Ã½. More than 77 per cent of Canadian exports go to the U.S and trade comprises 60 per cent of sa¹ú¼Ê´«Ã½'s gross domestic product.

"When the American economy is growing, it's generally good for us," Hampson said. "If they take a deep dive under Trump … that will have a knock-on effect on us, on top of tariffs."

The election outcome could also redefine America's role in the world. Trump is critical of giving aid to Ukraine in its war against Russia, has attacked the United Nations and repeatedly claimed he would not defend NATO members that don't meet defence spending targets — something sa¹ú¼Ê´«Ã½ is not doing, and won't do for years.

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau promised to meet the target of spending the equivalent of two per cent of GDP on defence by 2032.

Trump's first tenure also saw the Republican leader withdraw from the Paris Agreement, an international treaty to cut greenhouse gases.

Hampson said the Republicans' push against international institutions and treaties will have "a profound impact" on sa¹ú¼Ê´«Ã½, but also key allies and the world order itself.

If Harris wins, it's widely expected that there will be more normal relations based on established patterns and rules, but it does not necessarily mean smooth sailing for sa¹ú¼Ê´«Ã½.

It's expected the vice-president would follow the path laid by President Joe Biden on foreign policy and trade with sa¹ú¼Ê´«Ã½.

Biden signed an executive order to revoke the permit for the Keystone XL pipeline, which would have transferred oil from Alberta to Nebraska. The administration's Buy America procurement rules also caused concern in sa¹ú¼Ê´«Ã½.

Laura Dawson, an expert on sa¹ú¼Ê´«Ã½-U. S. relations and the executive director of the Future Borders Coalition, said she expects a Harris administration would continue nationalist and protectionist policies.

Harris has spoken on the campaign trail about the fact that she voted against the trilateral trade agreement and said she will return manufacturing jobs to the U.S.

It's a great slogan and bumper sticker, Dawson said, "but it's terrible if you are sa¹ú¼Ê´«Ã½."

Dawson warned Trudeau's team during a cabinet retreat in August that no matter who is the next president, sa¹ú¼Ê´«Ã½ will have to work harder to maintain existing benefits of integrated trade and travel.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 5, 2024.

Kelly Geraldine Malone, The Canadian Press